Thirty Years' War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thirty Years' War - Essay Example The Thirty Years’ War is seen by numerous antiquarians as a German common war, and a strict war. The war was strict in that it included clashes between Protestants (Lutherans and Calvinists) and Catholics. The war was likewise thoughtful in nature thinking about that Germany’s realms, at that point, occupied with strife in restriction of the Habsburgs at various events over the multi year duration2. Over the span of the war, the Habsburgs got restriction from different quarters past national fringes. Over the outskirts, the Dutch, Danish Sweden and France, rivals of House of Austria, affirmed their all-encompassing resistance to the Habsburgs. This paper will examine the Thirty Years’ War considering its four chief stages, the stages being The Bohemian mediation, the Danish stage, the Swedish stage and the French intercession. Reasons for the War The reasons for the Thirty Years’ War, as per numerous a student of history, is as differed and mind boggling a s the quantity of members. As such, the primary explanation for the war can't be precisely introduced in one reason. Numerous history specialists accept that the war was at first an aftereffect of contention among Catholics and Protestants ((Lutherans and Calvinists) living in the Roman Empire3. ... The Peace, marked by Emperor Charles V was intended to end the contention between German Catholics and Lutherans. In the interim, mainstream powers held the grounds that they had taken from the Roman church even as the leaders of Germany held the position to force their religions on subjects4. Inner competition in the Roman Empire according to control parity and legislative issues likewise contributed fundamentally to the degeneration with other European forces focusing the scene. The battle for political pre-prominence in regard of the competition among Habsburg and Bourbon bothered the contention to the degree of France joining the contention in a demonstration of might. The Bohemian Period The Bohemian time frame began in 1618 and finished generally in 1625. In 1617 Ferdinand of Styria, an individual from the Hapsburg family, was chosen ruler of Bohemia by the Bohemian Diet. The lord who was a solid supporter of Catholicism ruled as Holy Roman head two or after three years. Bohemi an Calvinists, because of a paranoid fear of losing their strict rights, revolted in 1618 tossing some Catholic individuals from the Bohemian regal board off a window in what is prevalently known as the Defenestration of Prague. Ferdinand II, with the help of Maximilian I of Bavaria assaulted Bohemia under the order of Baron Tilly. In the Battle of White Mountain, Tilly won the war against Fredick V compelling the last to escape to Holland. Ferdinand II henceforth recaptured the seat as King of Bohemia as Maximilian took procurement of the Palatinate with a Catholic and Hapsburg victory5. The Danish Intervention (1625-1629) When King Christian IV, a Holy Roman Empire sovereign, Denmark ruler, duke of Holstein, and Lutheran bolstered the fights coordinated against Ferdinand II, the Danish mediation authoritatively flourished. Ferdinand on his part

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Administrator AEL-list apparatuses fix storage APL-gear fixed to the structure/vessel Mica: * (the board data arrangement remittances) custom fitted to a particular individual unit or unit class * Parts of mica: 1. Segment a-hardware classification grouping rundown of apl/ael-arranged by gear 2. Segment b-hsc portrayal succession rundown of apl/ael-arranged by structure coed 3. Area c-hsc code arrangement rundown of apl/ael-arranged by HSC 4. Area d-apl/ael number arrangement rundown of apl/ael-arranged by apl/ael number FED log: * Made up in two documents . Intelligent question coast monitor just uses this one utilized as data asset 2. Cluster record * Wild card is the capacity to look through characters or numbers * Data see bar gives brisk connects to various screens in took care of log * Icon (magnifingglass)Characteristics information reaction gives depiction data * Icon (man) Management Data reaction offers the assistance/office CMPLUS: * Supports unit flexibly strategic Take m aterial from stock you should do an underlying solicitation * Inventory * Initial solicitations * Initial solicitations * Orders Receipts * Suppliers recompenses * Group stock OPFAC-recognizes each Coast Guard unit Surflog: * Fill out a surlog: 1. Division coed 2. Opfac 3. Gear-tooth code 4. Stock number 5. Unit of issue 6. Classification andsupplier 7. Quanitity required 8. Cost * government gracefully framework * monitor how much cash you have exhausted * recognize what is requested and what has been recived * in the event that you are replicating data from old surg log affirm information in fedlog. Acquirement demand structure spot f 4200. 1. 2 cg-business providers MPC-PMS detail guidance card E. †A-M-3356(A=auxiliary M=monthly 3356=identification number) M-primary drive apparatus A-helper E-electrical R-harm control NEM-m9000. 6 ELC site - present a change Engineering dept will keep up single tag-out log Tag out-comdtinst 9077. 1 * Check and reviews once at regular interva ls by mindful dept * Tag numbers will begin once again OCT 1 * Size of the vessel decides the quantity of tag-out logs required * Replacing a missing tag-next consecutive number on tag out sheet * Check effectively introduced visual look at tag out record sheet and label review Recommend change in PMS strategies must: In composed structure * Given to the PSM facilitator FPD( budgetary and obtainment) gives acquisitions and bookkeeping First quarter-is oct-dec Take material from stock you should do an underlying solicitation Tachometer-is an instrument that creates, transmits, and demonstrates information that is changed over into an estimation of turn speed Verify perusing against data found on nameplate information 4 sorts of Tachometer: 1. Chronometric Tachometer, open shaft, press and discharge start button, shows after 5sec 2. Radial tachometer, consistent perusing of rpm’s on available shaft 3. Full tachometer, vibrating, when shaft isn't open 4. Photograph electric tachometer, battery worked, non-contact(place intelligent tape on shaft Calibration done-12 to year and a half, sticker has last alignment and due date Frequency = number of cycles in a given time F (Hertz) = number of posts X rpm/120 Rpm=120 X f/no of posts Transducers Pressures Transducers-convert pressure into an electrical yield signal that is proportionate to the info pressure. Continuously acquire authorization preceding investigating, detach from the pressurized framework Replace with same kind or a higher evaluation King nutronics-2250 psi Uses 4-20ma so it travel longer separations Don’t zero and range to remunerate perusing Easily controlled Prone to obstruction Troubleshooting-check transducer is the issue Resistance Temp Detector RTD (opposition temp finder) temp sensor whose electrical obstruction changes straightly with change in temp RTD is associated with wheatherstone connect Two components with isolated temp measure 1. Nickel: - 40 to 1000 degree for all setups 2. Platinum: - 40 to 1000 degree for thermowell, exposed bulb and implanted design Two wire detecting component: red and white * needs remuneration circuit Three wire detecting components: 2whites and red* no need pay Three sorts of RTD arrangements: 1. 5sec. implanted( oil film temp in hardware bearing) 2. 8sec. Thermowell ( high weight) 3. 15sec. Exposed Bulb straightforwardly drenched in high weight gas Thermocouple is gadget to quantify temp as temp changes an electrical potential in MV is produced Used in pyrometer Air temp change in a cool intersection will cause incorrect understanding Cleaning: affirmed dissolvable, checking free or filthy association, alignments UAW tech manual by fabricates Two unique metals that is alluded as HOT JUNCTION(thermocouple sensor) Two divergent metals become comparative is Cold intersection (reference intersection) Two sort of therocouples 1. Type K, chromel(+yellow) Alumel (- Red) 2. Type J, Iron (+white) constantan (- Red) Synchro Two sorts of damping techniques: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical Most noteworthy estimation of powerful voltage instigated in one stator loop is 52v Rapid and exact transmission Electromagnetic enlistment Two general orders: 1. Troque - moves light loads like dials 2. Control - substantial burdens weapon executives Two basic synchro rotors or windings: 1. Remarkable shaft rotor 2. Drum or wound rotor Synchro takes after little electrical engine works like a variable transformer NEVER interface 400hz synchro to 60hz voltage Operating voltage and recurrence is mark on name plate Military norm and naval force prestandard synchros-115 vac or 26vac Load directs the sort of synchro and framework By switching s1 and s3 both synchro engines turn a similar sum, in inverse headings Change S2 causes 120 degree blunder †it inverts the bearing Oscillation and turning of the pointer: 1. Stator winding are shorted 2. Inadequate damper Reversal R1 and R2 180 degree mistake †revolution continues as before Damping circuit forestalls gear train motions or turning Common focusing techniques: 1. Air conditioning Voltmeter technique( generally precise) 2. Electrical-lock( quickest) Rotor gets voltage by essential winding â€Å"excitation† Stator gets voltage from the Rotor by attractive coupling GYRO Heading, roll and pitch Transmits data to weapons control, sonar radar, profundity control, dead retribution Gyrocompass has two fundamental properties: 1. Inflexibility in space(rigid, no power) 2. Precession(right edge, applied power) MK27: 1. Comprises of ace compass, electronic control unit and force converter 2. Looks for genuine north 3. ECU-working control->servo Amplifier->alarm Circuitry->power gracefully >latitude control hardware 4. S-1 switches-Slew, Start, Run-manual or auto 5. E-center pickoff-creates signal from relative to gyro from invalid 6. J3 test focuses ace compass 7. Full wave connect rectifier â€rectifies AC to DC 8. Stifle input channel >creates smooth DC voltage Anemomter Wind direction(HD) and speed(HE) pointer comparative with ships heading and speed Wind speed marker visual sign of wind speed and direction(single stage 115vac) Voltmeter is utilized with anemometer Wind speed indicator(HE) transmits signal voltmeter(magneto) Capacitor forestalls RF impedance or diminishes stator flows Set radiates RF obstruction: inadequate capacitor at back, trade for magneto Remove 2300 ohm resistor from the two sides when utilizing to pointers Salinity New water sullied overabundance of 0. 25 grains of ocean salt per gallon caution will go off (audio&visual) After the solenoid is de-invigorated it must be physically reset Dumper valve solenoid de-stimulated when pollutions arrive at alert extents occupying water over the edge Cell test resistor-little versatile unit with contact fingers System test and cell investigation > month to month Inspection-> every other month Thermistor-> temp delicate resistor which limits ebb and flow stream over the hole between the plates Salinity Module test/establishment > 23 vac across tp1-tp2 holes shorted cell/wiring ciruit VLA) Visual Landing Aids Helo deckarea marker-Lighting-Approach helps Wave off lights-prompt to steer landing is inadmissible Wave-off light won't smother when wave-off switch is made sure about order is being sent from remote board Homing signal - >white light >main pole >flashes 90x per min Lamp circuit-wired: advance down transformer(115/32 volts) to variable diminishing circuit Line-up-lights-20 lights-white and blaze in arrangement uni or bi-directional VLA power prerequisites lighting framework 120v/60hz WIPER Window wipers-DC voltage, taking 115vac single-stage utilizing full-wave connect rectifier Oil to outside oil cup lubs the brushes Replace at regular intervals or two times each year Life range is one year Drive component changes over the turn of the engine to go to and fro Pendulum window wiper-wiper change to stop (to put wiper out of view) Steering To decide rudder rate a HARD-OVER-TO HARD â€OVER order is given while transport is moving in max speed. Overtravel-is a controlling situation on rudder past the request point and stays at that position Overshoot-barely any degrees past the more seasoned edge however comes back to the request edge Three methods of activity of guiding framework: 1. Follow up 2. Auto pilot 3. Non follow up Four segments: 1. Water driven framework pressure driven force units and rudder actuators 2. Crisis hardware 3. Rudder position input framework 4. Guiding controls Control circuit-produces an electrical sign to move the rudder Hydroulic power unit(HPU) ports pressure driven liquid to the Actuator transforms water driven force into mechanical movement Steering power of water following up on the rudder Solenoid valve-controls water driven liquid to the actuators-> to move rudder Utilizations hydrodynamics to control rudder in light of the high torque â€to-weight proportion Maximum blunder permitted on rudder edge is + or - 2 Battery Normal temp-80f degrees Initial: a low-rate charge given to another battery Normal: Routine charge IAW nameplate information Emergency: a quick or lift charge Equalizing: expanded ordinary charge given at a particular gravity Floating: voltage kept up inside the cutoff points

Never Calculate without Already Knowing the Answer!

Never Calculate without Already Knowing the Answer! If youve been to a high school math class recently, you probably remember seeing an inordinate number of calculators. You mightve also observed students entering anything from 999*999 to sin(/6) to7-1into the machines. The calculator habit is so strong that even 5+7 (=12) warrants machine help. And habits die hard. To combat our calculator obsession, Sanjoy Mahajan suggests a radical departure from the calculator addiction: What if we knew the solution before the calculation? In Prof Mahajans words, Never calculate without already knowing the answer! Sounds bizarre, but let him explain, and you will be intrigued. First, a brief introduction. Sanjoy Mahajan is an Associate Professor of Applied Science and Engineering at Olin College. At MIT, Prof Mahajan is also a familiar and welcome figure.He has collaborated with MIT professors to improve their curricula and published a book, Street-Fighting Mathematics, at the MIT Press (read the book here). Sanjoy Mahajan sees a general trend of pragmatism in the United States, with students wishing to just solve the problem without asking the essential how or why. Science problems then become nothing more than a repeated and calculator-assisted applications of a single formula. Unfortunately, even the most complex formulas can be wrong. Calculators cant reveal that, but a better understanding, or insight, of the material can. In his May 19 xTalk The Art of Insight, hosted by the MIT Office of Digital Learning, Prof Mahajan used several examples to illustrate the benefits of getting to the solution before reaching for a calculator. EXAMPLE #1: consider being in a room with a paper towel freshly sprayed with perfume (as during Prof Mahajans talk). The question: how long does it take for all audience members to smell the aroma? Formal Model: Formally, the answer to that,, is derived with a diffusion equation which, according to Prof Mahajan, is a big mess that requires knowledge of Calculus. Furthermore, the solved equation tells us thatis 10^7 seconds, or approximately ? a year, while, in real life, the back rows smelled the perfume after 30 or so seconds! The official, calculator-enabled, model for the problem is way off. Despite the complexity, it fails to provide a reasonable answer. Insight: Add to the consideration a four-letter word: wind. With wind, or drift, you can start taking much bigger, though slower, steps to a solution instead of the small and fast steps of the diffusion model. This common-sense model has the benefit of search control: making search space much more tractable by expanding it. EXAMPLE #2: calculate the average solar flux,, over the Earths surface. Formal Model: Again, the formal solution requires Calculus, more specifically integration. Its complicated (so much so, in fact, that I fear to reproduce it in this post). Insight: The knowing the answer, or the intuitive, method considers only the solar flux over a slice of the Earth to arrive at the same answer with a one-step calculation:. The latter formula is easier to understand and much more robust. Plus it allows for simple modifications to account for the ellipsoid/tilted properties of the Earth (modifications that would look terrifying in the formal model). And if you understand the simpleformula, you can transfer the insight over to other topics, like the kinetic theory of gases. Why is the visual method preferable here (remember, we looked at what happens on one slice of the Earth)? Turns out, weve been perceiving, or seeing, the world about 10^3 times longer than weve been able to talk about it! The visual cortex developed long before language, which is why its easier for us to think in visuals. Even Prof Mahajans most important word during the talk, insight, has the word sight built in. In fact, many languages contain sight within words that signify understanding. The lesson here: use your large visual cortex whenever you can. EXAMPLE #3: Imagine youre running away from bad guys and throw a stone in a nearby well to find out how deep it is. It takes T = 4 seconds for the stone to drop, with the speed of sound being the usual= 340 m/s and gravitational constant, g, being 10 m/s^2. Question: roughly how deep is the well? Answer options: a) 20 m, b) 100 m, c) 500 m. Formal Model: Lets consider the proper mathematical way of solving the problem first. To do this, we must include the time it takes for the sound to travel up the well (a factor we would normally not consider since it is so negligible in our scenario). We get a quadratic equation that derives at the following formula for the height of the well:. A bit overwhelming, isnt it? And certainly unhelpful in a high speed chase situation. According to Prof Mahajan, the answer is problematic for one specific reason: it has a high entropy. In chemistry, the entropy for chemical substances is defined as entropylog(# states), a sort of quantifier of how messy or chaotic the substance is. While we dont normally think of entropy as applying to mathematical expressions, Prof Mahajan suggests that we can, in fact, measure the entropy of expressions by re-defining the formula from chemistry as entropylog(# of plausible versions of the expression). Consider now how many ways we can rearrange the formulaby moving constants around the fraction bars and square roots (for example, one simple change would be to move theto the top of the large fraction bar). This mathematical expression has a high entropy of structure. The problem with high-entropy expressions is that they carry a high cognitive load, which is how much working memory you need to use to process them. As humans, we have approximately infinite long-term memory. However, to store information in the long term, we need to get it through the limited working/short-term memory. There, we have serious cognitive limitations, and high-entropy expressions like the one above significantly increase the working memory load. Thus, entropy also measures how much information you can process at a time. In short, according to Prof Mahajan, the rule of thumb is: if you get a quadratic expression in a problem, you did something wrong. The high entropy of quadratics is bad. Insight: So whats the easy way? By applying some real-world insight, we can neglect the journey of sound. Then h= gT^2~ 80 m. Once you have the insight into the problem and a preliminary estimation, you can improve upon the result by considering t(sound) separately. Benefit of the insight here is low entropy/low cognitive load. Plus, there is no need for a calculator, a tool not readily available during a daring escape. You might say at this point that we have simply looked at three disjoint examples rather than the general idea: how we benefit from the Art of Insight. Lets recap now to consider all the benefits of reasoning, rather than calculating, the solution. Search control (making search space much more tractable by expanding it). Main example: perfume diffusion. Transfer (to other problems). Main example: perfume diffusion. Use of the (larger) visual cortex. Main example: solar flux. Robustness. Main example: solar flux. Low entropy/low cognitive load. Main example: well height. Although I noted the main examples here, the five properties can be applied to all three problems. This is our homework, according to Prof Mahajan. How will the art of insight help you? Hear Prof Mahajans original talk here. Read previous xTalk posts about the 2600-Year History of the University, Online Learning Resources from the UK, and Blended Learning at MIT. Post originally published on the Office of Digital Learning website here. Post Tagged #MIT Office of Digital Learning #xTalks